Foreign Direct Investment in the Indian Retail Sector

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Proponents for FDI opined that that foreign investment would help in improving the retail and supply chain infrastructure, and generate large-scale employment in the country. In addition, the Indian retailers could absorb some of the best operational practices of these international retailers and gain in experience. Ultimately, the consumers would benefit due to the availability of more product offerings, lower prices, and efficient service.

Those who opposed FDI argued that the entry of foreign retail giants would be detrimental to the livelihoods of unorganized retailers in India. There were an estimated 12 million shops, which accounted for 97% of the retail market in India. There were concerns that these small retail stores would not be able to compete with the operational efficiencies and financial muscle of foreign players.

Also, there was the aspect of increased concentration of power among a few large buyers. Despite this opposition, it was felt that the rapid growth in the Indian retail sector and its huge employment potential could not be ignored for long, and that the government would have to take firm steps toward allowing FDI in the retail sector. Some Indian retailers and industry experts opined that the opening up should be a gradual process so that the Indian companies could gear up to face the increased competition.

However, all things considered, given the lack of consensus on the issue of allowing FDI in retail, the debate was expected to continue.

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